The application of positive psychological interventions in the context of trauma: A scoping review

Abstract

The experience of trauma seems to have become endemic, highlighting the need for interventions to reduce the adverse psychological effects of trauma and promote positive mental health. Positive psychological interventions (PPIs) may address this need and have gained increased research attention in diverse settings and among diverse populations. The objective of this scoping review was to provide an overview of available research on the application of PPIs in the context of trauma. The review considered studies that focused on implementing a PPI and involved participants who were exposed to trauma. Studies were identified through bibliographic databases and a manual search of relevant reference lists. Following screening of titles, abstracts and full text, 30 records were included in the study. Results indicated that PPIs have been implemented with people who experienced trauma-related distress following different forms of trauma. Most interventions focused on enhancing positive emotions, thoughts, experiences, relationships and resources; developing character strengths; or fostering mindfulness, and incorporated various positive psychological activities and techniques. Interventions were mostly conducted in group format, by a mental health practitioner at out-patient centres or clinics, over the course of four to eight sessions. Findings suggested that PPIs may be useful in decreasing trauma-related psychopathology and promoting wellbeing in the aftermath of trauma. However, more research is needed to confirm the efficacy, acceptability and feasibility of these interventions among people who have experienced trauma.